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Five Pandava Temples

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Title/Caption	Five Pandava Temples
Variant Title/Caption	Panch Rathas; Rock-cut Temples
Site/Creative Center	Mamallapuram [Mahabalipuram], Tamil Nadu (India)
Date of Work	second half of 7th Century
Description of View	Dharmaraja Ratha, total, view east-southeast. [General view]
Notes	Located near the sea, these temples, form a series of five monolithic temples, are the earliest extant rock-cut structures at Mamallapuram. Attributed to the patronage of Narasimhavarman I Mahamalla (r. 630-ca. 668), these shrines are traditionally known as rathas (a term for temple carts) and named for the Pandava brothers and their common wife, Draupadi of the Mahabharata epic. The temples were carved from a single boulder of gneiss, representing a variety of designs that were left in varying degrees unfinished. To the north was the lowest portion of the boulder and where the smallest shrine of the group, the Draupadi Ratha is situated. The Draupadi Ratha (dedicated to Durga) is square in plan with the curved roof of a thatched hut. Moving south is the Arjuna Ratha that shares a plinth with the Draupadi Ratha. It is square in plan with a pillared front and a two-story pyramidal superstructure. Further south, the Bhima Ratha (dedicated to Visnu) is a two-story rectangular building with a barrel-vaulted roof. At the far south end of this alignment is the larger and more elaborate Dharmaraja Ratha. This multi-pavilion shrine with its three-story pyramidal superstructure is inscribed with numerous epithets of the patron-ruler.
Technique/Process	architecture, architectural sculpture
Materials/Medium	rock-cut gneiss
Culture	Indian (South Asian)
Century	7th Century
Style of Work	Post-Gupta, Pallava
Subject	Architecture, Indian (South Asian) Sculpture, Indian (South Asian) Architecture, 7th Century Religious buildings Rock-cut temples
Publisher	Saskia Ltd. Cultural Documentation
Publisher.Location	Freeport, Maine (United States)
Credit Line	(C) Dr. Ronald V. Wiedenhoeft
Reference Number	Saskia Kia-0928
Collection Title	Architecture (Art and Art History Department images)
Collection Information	Collection administered by Visual Resources manager, Architecture Library (402) 472-1193
Copyright Information	http://contentdm.unl.edu:2000/ah_copyright.html

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