ROMAN COLOSSEUM 1: OVERVIEW

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Title	ROMAN COLOSSEUM 1: OVERVIEW
Alternate Title	Colosseum
View	General vertical view, from the southeast, depicting full wall with ascending Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Composite pilasters, used as model throughout the Renaissance, ascending orders (used as model throughout the Renaissance)
Notes	public amusement
Work Type	amphitheater colosseum city landmark
Style/Period	Ancient Roman classical Imperial
Major Design Aspects	vast scale elliptical-shaped plan isolated in city grid monumental
Elements & Spatial Types	arcade ascending orders Doric pilaster Ionic pilaster Corinthian pilaster
Climate Type	Mediterranean
Country	Italy
City	Rome
State/Province	Lazio
Architectural Material	stone, marble
Structural System	bearing masonry
Patron	Emperor Vespasian ;Emperor Flavian
Dates	81 AD-96 AD
Century	1C AD
Designation/Awards/Inscriptions	city landmark, city icon, country icon, tourist site
Photographer	Scott Gilchrist, Archivision
Date Photographed	8/31/1990
Subject Information	Rome's greatest amphitheater was commissioned by the Emperor Vespasian in AD 72 and completed in AD 96 in reign of Domitian. Deadly gladiatorial combats and wild animal fights were staged free of charge by the emperor and wealthy citizens for public viewing. There are 80 arched entrances allowing easy access to 55,000 spectators. During the 15th-16th centuries the ruins were used as a quarry. / 'The Colosseum or Flavian Amphitheater was begun by Vespasian, inaugurated by Titus in 80 AD and completed by Domitian. Located on marshy land between the Esquiline and Caelian Hills, it was the first permanent amphitheater to be built in Rome. Its monumental size and grandeur as well as its practical and efficient organization for producing spectacles and controlling the large crowds make it one of the great architectural monuments achieved by the ancient Romans. The amphitheater is a vast ellipse with tiers of seating for 50,000 spectators around a central elliptical arena. Below the wooden arena floor, there was a complex set of rooms and passageways for wild beasts and other provisions for staging the spectacles. Eighty walls radiate from the arena and support vaults for passageways, stairways and the tiers of seats. At the outer edge circumferential arcades link each level and the stairways between levels. The three tiers of arcades are faced by three-quarter columns and entablatures, Doric in the first story, Ionic in the second, and Corinthian in the third. Above them is an attic story with Corinthian pilasters and small square window openings in alternate bays. At the top brackets and sockets carry the masts from which the velarium, a canopy for shade, was suspended. The construction utilized a careful combination of types: concrete for the foundations, travertine for the piers and arcades, tufa infill between piers for the walls of the lower two levels, and brick-faced concrete used for the upper levels and for most of the vaults.' Source: www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Roman_Colosseum.html / 'The name, however, derives not from its great size, but from the Colossus, a large bronze statue of Nero, standing near it.' Source: www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/romancolosseum/romancolosseum.html
Credit Line	Archivision Inc. (all images copyright Scott Gilchrist / Archivision.com)
Collection Title	Archivision (architecture, urban design, gardens, landscapes and public art)
Collection information	Collection administered by the Visual Resources manager, Architecture Library, (402) 472-1193

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ROMAN COLOSSEUM 1: OVERVIEW

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