Built as a chapel by the Royal Company of Blue Penitents (Compagnie royale des Penitents bleus de Toulouse en Haute-Garonne). After the French Revolution, the chapel became a parish church and was renamed St. Jerome. The architect of the city of Toulouse, Jacques-Pascal Virebent (1746-1831) was responsible for adapting the chapel/society building to its new function as a church and enlarged it. He built a small hexagonal tower between the two rotundas facing the street, and opened up some of the interior walls, eliminating some of the brotherhood's meeting rooms.