Whitman referred to this as "one of several portraits which William O'Connor called the Hugo portraits" and worried that it was too severe: "do you detect a scowl, a frown, anything bordering on it?" Looking at it another time, Whitman mused, "That was my prime—that was the period of my power—of endurance: the period in which I was most alive." Many sources identify this photograph as 1864, but several copies exist on the unstamped Brady carte-de-visite cards that Gardner used after leaving Brady's studio in fall 1862 and relocating to Washington, D.C. Whitman also identifies another photograph from this session as "taken from life 1863 / war time Washington / D C."